The Luxor area is about 416 km² and the inhabited area is 208 km². [11] The population is approximately 487,896 according to the 2010 census. [12] [13] The city of Luxor is administratively divided into five shaikhs, namely the Awamiyyah, the Old Karnak, the Karnak Al-Qadra, Manshiyet Al-Amari, [14] and six towns and villages belonging to it are Bayadiyah, Adayasat Bahri, Adayasat Qubli, Tud, Baghdadi, Al-Hubail. Luxor has about one third of the world's monuments. On the eastern and western outskirts of the city, the eastern bank includes the Temple of Luxor, the Karnak Temple, and the Road of the rams Link between the two temples, and the Luxor Museum, the land west Valley of the Kings and it includes, the Temple of Deir el-Bahari, Valley of the Queens, the monastery of the city, and the Temple of the Ramesseum, and a statue of Memnon
The establishment of the city of Taibah dates back to the time of the fourth Dynasty around 2575 BC. [18] Until the Middle Kingdom was not more than a group of simple huts, but it was used as a cemetery to bury the dead. [18] Later, the city of Taiba became the capital of Egypt at the time of the eleventh Egyptian Dynasty by Pharaoh Montuhotep I, [18] which succeeded in reuniting the country again after the chaos that reignited Egypt in the era of the first decay, The capital of the Egyptian state until the fall of the rule of the Pharaohs and the family and the first three Wen by the Persians 332 BC [18]
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In the beginning, the city was known as the city of Wiste, then called the Romans by the Romans. It was also called the City of the Hundred Gates, as described by the Greek poet Homer in the Iliad, also called the "city of the sun" , "City of Light" and "City of Scepter", and after the Arab conquest of Egypt, the Arabs called it the name "Luxor", the collection of the plural of the word palace, as the city was containing many palaces of the Pharaohs. The establishment of the city of Taiba dates back to the fourth Dynasty around 2575 BC
Karnak Temple.
Tiba is an ancient pharaonic museum city in Upper Egypt, and one of Egypt's ancient capitals during the Middle and Modern Kingdoms of ancient Egypt.
The city of Taiba (Luxor today) was the center of worship of Ra. Most of Egypt's pharaohs, especially during the modern state, were interested in building temples for the various gods of the Egyptians, most notably Amun Ra. There is a good on the eastern bank of the Nile and built the capital, temples and palaces of the Pharaohs and had a mayor over the ages. The temples were considered immortal, so they were built of heavy stones, including the so-called one-million-year-old house and also built of stones. The palaces of the pharaohs and the houses of the inhabitants were built of bricks, as they are not eternal. For this reason, the palaces of the pharaohs remained insignificant while the temples remained.
The ancient Egyptians were considered good and the eastern shore of the Nile was the house of life, where they lived, lived and went to worship in their neighboring temples. They considered the West as the house of death, and they built their graves there. So we find the Valley of the Kings in the west of Tiba with a few temples. The large temples, including Karnak, were in the city of the neighborhoods on the eastern bank of the Nile.
There are about 14 of the most important Egyptian temples in the capital. The most famous of its effects on the eastern bank of the Nile in the lobby of the columns in Karnak, which witnessed many modifications over the centuries by many Pharaohs such as Hatshepsut, Thutmose III and Ramses II and others, and nearby Luxor Temple built by Ramses II. . The gate of the main temple of Karnak is located at the end of the north, and before it there were two mosques, one of which took place in Paris in 1836, and adorns the Place de la Concorde. At the end of the city's north, a group of Karnak temples has been built over 1500 years, becoming the largest religious establishment in the world. It is famous for its 134 column columns. It has an artificial lake from the era of the Pharaohs.
Between the temples of Luxor and Karnak there is the way of the rams and other temples. On the west bank of the Nile was the land of the dead where there are funerary temples and hundreds of graves. One of the largest and most famous of these temples is the Ramessium Temple of Ramesses II, dating back to the 19th Dynasty. Also on the West Bank is the Valley of the Kings, the Valley of the Queens and the Monastery of the City, the city of workers who were building tombs of the Pharaohs near them.
The funerary temple of Queen Hatshepsut (Hatshepsut Temple) of the 18th Dynasty is located in the Monastery of the Sea in the west of the Nile. It was built during the early 15th century BC in a graded place above a steep slope. The most famous archeological sites in the West Bank are the Valley of the Kings, where the tomb of King Tutankhamun was found, with tombs of Thutmose the Third, Ramses the Third, the Fourth and the Fifth, the First Citi, and the tomb of King Horemheb.
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